Examination of three attentional strategies on pain coping and recovery from the cold pressor : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Psychology at Massey University

The literature supports the role of attention diversion strategies in the modification of pain perception. Recently it has been suggested that the presence of an overt action is a necessary component of these often multicomponent tasks. Research has also indicated that attention distraction and suppression strategies may carry with them long term cost. The present study compares the effectiveness of three attentional strategies in an attempt to isolate the necessity of an overt response. It also examines for the presence of a long term cost of these strategies in the form of a rebound effect. Sixty eight subjects were randomly assigned to one of four strategies: suppression, distraction through visual detection, distraction through visual detection with a response, and control. There were no significant differences between the groups on pain tolerance and pain ratings or on recovery. The recovery from the cold pressor was found to be significantly related to the tolerance time. Subjects who were exposed to the cold water longer recovered more slowly. These results are discussed in terms of pain theory and future research

Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of oligosaccharides and glycopeptides

Imperial Users onl

The Impact of Childhood Trauma on Emotional Intimacy and Attachment in Marriage Among Heterosexual Women who are Regular Church Attendees

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the impact of childhood trauma on emotional intimacy and attachment style in marriage among heterosexual women who are regular church attendees. Two research questions drove this current study: (a) How would women who have experienced childhood trauma describe their attachment style in marriage?, and (b) What challenges do women who have experienced childhood trauma face in marriage regarding emotional intimacy with their spouse? Participants completed the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Questionnaire (n.d.), the Adult Attachment Scale, and participated in semi-structured interviews. The data were categorized and analyzed using inductive and deductive analysis. Regarding attachment, the results showed that women who presented avoidant and anxious-ambivalent attachment styles had difficulty cultivating emotional intimacy with their husbands for two reasons: (a) they developed a “Lone Ranger mentality” (i.e., they had difficulty trusting, they were self-protective, they were fiercely independent, and they had an elevated fear of abandonment); and (b) they had difficulty regarding love and affection (i.e., they had difficulty receiving love from their husbands, and they had difficulty offering love and affection to their husbands). Regarding emotional intimacy, this study showed that women who experienced childhood trauma experienced lower levels of marital satisfaction due to two factors: (a) they consciously and subconsciously worked to maintain an emotional distance between themselves and their spouse; and (b) they avoided conflict at all costs. However, the study also showed that emotional intimacy could improve the longer a woman was married

Indenture, Marshall County, MS, 5 March 1855

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aldrichcorr_c/1100/thumbnail.jp

Parking Reservation System for Glacier National Park

This project investigated different methods for implementing and assessing a parking reservation system in Glacier National Park. Due to wildfires, our team was relocated to Acadia National Park for the first four weeks of the project term to work remotely. Our team conducted visitor surveys on reservation feature preferences in Acadia National Park at Cadillac Mountain and Jordan Pond to use as reference data upon arrival in Glacier National Park. Our team designed a multi-step phase in plan for a parking reservation system for both national parks using asset mapping and cost-benefit analyses. Finally, our team developed an app for offline GPS location tracking for future use in identifying and managing traffic throughout the park in a timely and effective manner

Assessing Stress in Pregnancy and Postpartum: Comparing Measures

Introduction Measuring early-life psychosocial stress is complicated by methodological challenges. This paper compares three survey instruments for the assessment of life in pregnancy/postpartum and investigates the effects of the timing of early-life stress for emotional/behavioral difficulties (EBD) of offspring during mid/late childhood and adolescence. Methods Observational data were obtained from the European Longitudinal Cohort Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC-CZ), which included 4811 pregnancies in two Czech metropolitan areas. We used data collected between 1991 and 2010 at 20 weeks of pregnancy (T1), after delivery (T2), at 6 months postpartum (T3), and at child's age of 7 years (T4), 11 years (T5), 15 years (T6), and 18 years (T7). Life stress was assessed with (1) the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), (2) a stressful life events (SLE) count based on 42-item inventory, and (3) the SLE measure weighted by perceived stressfulness (PS). Each stress measure was administered at T1, T2, and T3. Child's EBD were assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at T4, T5, T6, and T7. Results Each stress measure independently predicted long-term EBD. The best data fit was obtained in a model combining EPDS and SLE. Effect sizes for SLEs decreased between the first half of pregnancy and postpartum, while the effect of EPDS increased. Discussion SLE-based methods capture an aspect of perinatal stress not adequately assessed by EPDS. Combination of psychological distress measures and SLE-based measures is optimal in predicting EBD of the child. Stress measures based on SLE are suitable for early pregnancy, while self-reports of depressive symptoms may perform better in postpartum

Pan troglodytes (errata version published in 2018)

Assessment Information: Although Pan troglodytes is the most abundant and widespread of the great apes, and many populations exist in protected areas, the declines that have occurred are expected to continue, satisfying the criteria for an Endangered listing (Oates 2006). Due to high levels of poaching, infectious diseases, and loss of habitat and habitat quality caused by expanding human activities, this species is estimated to have experienced a significant population reduction in the past 20–30 years and it is suspected that this reduction will continue for the next 30–40 years. Due to their slow life history and a generation time estimated to be 25 years, Chimpanzee populations cannot sustain high levels of mortality, whether disease-induced or caused by poaching. The maximum population reduction over a three-generation (75 year) period from 1975 to 2050 is suspected to exceed 50%, hence qualifying this taxon as Endangered under criterion A. Although conservation efforts directed at Chimpanzees and other wildlife have increased significantly in recent years, the assumption that population reductions will continue is a precautionary approach based on the rapid growth of human populations in sub-Saharan Africa, continuing poaching for bushmeat, the commercial bushmeat trade, the arrival of industrial agriculture (which requires clearcutting of forest), corruption and lack of law enforcement, lack of capacity and resources, and political instability in some range states. At the same time, zoonosis and disease outbreaks present significant risks; there is, for example, evidence that Ebolavirus will continue to spreadin some parts of the Chimpanzee's geographic range(Walshet al.2005)

Type 5 Phosphodiesterase Inhibition in Heart Failure The Next Step⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.

Newsletter for Boston University School of Medicine alumni

Diagnosis and management of perinatal depression and anxiety in general practice: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies

BACKGROUND: Up to 20% of women experience anxiety and depression during the perinatal period. In the UK, management of perinatal mental health falls under the remit of GPs. AIM: This review aimed at synthesising the available information from qualitative studies on GPs' attitudes, recognition, and management of perinatal anxiety and depression. DESIGN AND SETTING: Meta-synthesis of the available published qualitative evidence on GPs' recognition and management of perinatal anxiety and depression. METHOD: A systematic search was conducted on Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and grey literature was searched using Google, Google Scholar, and British Library EThOS. Papers and reports were eligible for inclusion if they reported qualitatively on GPs' diagnosis or treatment of perinatal anxiety or depression. The synthesis was constructed using meta-ethnography. RESULTS: Five themes were established from five eligible papers: labels: diagnosing depression; clinical judgement versus guidelines; care and management; use of medication; and isolation: the role of other professionals. GPs considered perinatal depression to be a psychosocial phenomenon, and were reluctant to label disorders and medicalise distress. GPs relied on their own clinical judgement more than guidelines. They reported helping patients make informed choices about treatment, and inviting them back regularly for GP visits. GPs sometimes felt isolated when dealing with perinatal mental health issues. CONCLUSION: GPs often do not have timely access to appropriate psychological therapies and use several strategies to mitigate this shortfall. Training must focus on these issues and must be evaluated to consider whether this makes a difference to outcomes for patients

Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of the Cross River Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli)

From Executive Summary: This document represents the consensus of experts who met at a workshop in April 2006 in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria, to formulate a set of priority actions that would increase the survival prospects for the Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli). The Cross River gorilla is recognized by IUCN as Critically Endangered, and is the most threatened taxon of ape in Africa. It is the most westerly and northerly form of gorilla, and occurs only in a limited area around the mountainous headwaters of the Cross River, straddling the border between Cameroon and Nigeria. Participants at the 2006 workshop, which built upon the outcomes of previous meetings in Calabar in 2001 and Limbe, Cameroon, in 2003, included representatives of forestry and wildlife conservation agencies from the two range countries, of local and international nongovernmental conservation and development organizations, and of university-based researchers